foul (raphas; akdthartos): The verb "to foul" (defile) occurs as the translation of raphas, "to trample" or "muddle" (streams) (Ezekiel 32:2; 34:18); of chalmar, "to burn," "to be red" (Job 16:16, "My face is foul with weeping," the American Standard Revised Version and the English Revised Version, margin "red"); of mirpas, "a treading" (Ezekiel 34:19). The adjective is the translation of akathartos, "unclean," "impure," "wicked" (Mark 9:25; Revelation 18:2, "foul spirit," the Revised Version (British and American) "unclean"), and of cheimon, "winter," "stormy or foul weather" (Matthew 16:3). the Revised Version (British and American) has "The rivers shall become foul" (Isaiah 19:6) instead of the King James Version "They shall turn the rivers far away," the English Revised Version "The rivers shall stink."

W. L. Walker

From the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Edited by James Orr, published in 1939 by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

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